Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance (异乎寻常地). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than l0,000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past -- and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geo1ogical and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet's environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time Period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
Most important, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of Primates (灵长类动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past l0,00O years - during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared -- is a mere bright spot in a much large pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth's climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future -- even without the influence of human activity
21、Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged________.
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【正确答案】 A
A) to give up his former way of life B) to leave the coastal areas. C) to follow the ever-shifting vegetation D) to abandon his original settlement.
22、Earth scientists have come to understand that climate ________.
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【正确答案】 D
A) is going trough a fundamental change B) has been getting warmer for l0, 000 years C) will eventually change from hot to cold. D) has gone through Periodical changes
23、Scientists believe that human evolution________.
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【正确答案】 C
A) has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes B) has exerted little influence on climatic changes C) has large1y been effected by climatic changes D) has had a major impact on climatic changes
24、Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that ________.
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【正确答案】 C
A) human activities have accelerated changes of Earth's environment B) Earth's environment will remain mild despite human interference C) Earth's climate is bound to change significantly in the future D) Earth's climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future
25、The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that ________.
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【正确答案】 B
A) human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changes B) mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climate C) man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming process D) human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature
Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess (公爵夫人 ) of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such virtue.
The Problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better -- or worse -- part of my life. Being rich wouldn't be bad either, but that won't happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when PeOPle refrain from eating, and excessive eating is one of Christianity's seven deadly sins. However until quite recently, most People had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, Wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and nigh morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.
Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat -- or even only somewhat overweight -- is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.
Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over weight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem -- too much fat and a lack of fiber -- than a weight problem.
The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop -paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglory (虚荣).
26、In the eyes of the author an odd phenomenon nowadays is that ________.
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【正确答案】 C
A) the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtue B) looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortune C) being thin is viewed as a much desired quality D) religious people are not necessarily virtuous
27、Swept by the prevailing trend, the author ________.
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【正确答案】 A
A) had to go on a diet for the greater part of her life B) could still prevent herself from going off the track C) had to seek help from rich distant relatives D) had to wear highly fashionable clothes
28、In human history people’s views on body weight ________.
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【正确答案】 A
A) were closely related to their religious beliefs B) changed from time to time C) varied between the poor and the rich D) led to different moral standards
29、The author criticizes women's obsession with thinness ________ .
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【正确答案】 B
A) from an economic and educational perspective B) from sociological and medical points of view C) from a historical and religious standpoint D) in the light of moral principles
30、What's the author’s advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?
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【正确答案】 A
A) They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle. B) They should be more watchful for fatal diseases. C) They should gain weight to look healthy. D) They should rid themse1ves of fantasies about designer clothes. Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
War may be a natura1 expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies vio1ence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed.
The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law .The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.
The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. while the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.
31、Human violence shows evidence of being a 1earned behavior in that ________.
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【正确答案】 B
A) it threatens the existing social systems B) it is influenced by society C) it has roots in religious conflicts D) it is directed against institutions of law
32、The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is ________.
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【正确答案】 A
A) to control violence within a society B) to protect the world from chaos C) to free society from the idea of revenge D) to give the government absolute power
33、What does the author mean by saying "... in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”(Lines 5-6, Para. 2)?
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【正确答案】 D
A) Legal systems gre4tly reduce the possibilities of physical violence. B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis. C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge. D) Punishment is not dried out directly by the individuals involved.
34、The world “allegiance" (Line 5, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ________ .
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【正确答案】 A
A) loyalty B) objective C) survival D) motive
35、What can we learn from the last paragraph?
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【正确答案】 D
A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme Power in times of war B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders. C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people. D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war. Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.
In conducting research on culture and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the People in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.
How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethic minority groups. In a subsequent study the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class, White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying in ethic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.
36、According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to________.
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【正确答案】 B
A) be overcautious in constructing meaningful measures B) view them from their own cultural perspective C) guard against interference from their own culture D) accept readily what is alien to their own culture
37、What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach?
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【正确答案】 A
A) They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues. B) The former is biased while the latter is objective. C) The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues. D) They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.
38、Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more ________.
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【正确答案】 D
A) culturally interactive B) culture-oriented C) culturally biased D) culture-specific
39、The etic approach is concerned with ________.
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【正确答案】 C
A) the general characteristics of minority families B) culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups C) features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups D) the economic conditions of different types of families
40、Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. according to the passage?
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【正确答案】 D
A) Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable. B) Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend. C) They don't interact with each other so much as White families. D) They have closer family ties than White families. Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)(共30小题；每小题0.5分，满分15分)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41、It was ________that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.
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【正确答案】 B
A) addicted B) alleged C) assaulted D) ascribed
42、The medicine ________ his pain but did not care his illness.
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【正确答案】 B
A) activated B) alleviated C) mediated D) deteriorated
43、He is the only Person who can ________ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y
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【正确答案】 A
A) testify B) charge C) accuse D) rectify
44、Professor Hawking is________as one of the world’s greatest living physicists.
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【正确答案】 C
A) dignified B) clarified C) acknowledged D) illustrated
45、The financial problem of this company is further________ by the rise in interest rates.
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【正确答案】 D
A) increased C) strengthened C) reinforced D) aggravated
46、We shall probably never be able to ________the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.
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【正确答案】 C
A) assert B) impart C) ascertain D) notify
47、All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colourful balloons ________slowly into the sky.
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【正确答案】 A
A) ascending B) elevating C) escalating D) lingering
48、Many years had ________ before they returned to their original urban areas.
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【正确答案】 B
A) floated B) elapsed C) skipped D) proceeded.
49、What you say now is not ________ with what you said last week.
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【正确答案】 A
A) consistent. B) persistent C) permanent D) insistent
50、Military orders are ________ and cannot be disobeyed.
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【正确答案】 D
A) defective B) conservative C) alternative D) imperative 51、Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of ________grouping is advisable.
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【正确答案】 A
A) homogeneous B) instantaneous C) spontaneous D) anonymous
52、Even sensible men do ________ things sometimes.
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【正确答案】 B
A) abrupt B) absurd C) acute D) apt
53、The commission would find itself ________ at every turn if its members couldn't reach an agreement.
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【正确答案】 D
A) collided B) savaged C) crumbled D) hampered
54、Grain production in the word is ________but still millions go hungry.
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【正确答案】 C
A) staggering B) shrinking C) soaring D) suspending
55、He developed a ________attitude after years of frustration in his career.
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【正确答案】 D
A) sneaking B) disgusted C) drastic D) cynical
56、They believed that this was not the________ of their campaign for equality but merely the beginning.
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【正确答案】 A
A) climax B) summit C) pitch D) maximum
57、Several guests were waiting in the ________for the front door to open.
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【正确答案】 A
A) porch B) vent C) inlet D) entry
58、As the mountains were covered with a ________ of cloud, we couldn't see their tops.
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【正确答案】 C
A) coating B) film C) veil D) shade
59、We couldn't really afford to buy a house so we got it on fore purchase and paid monthly ________
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【正确答案】 D
A) investments B) requirements C) arrangements D) installment
60、The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an ________ .
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【正确答案】 A
A) illusion B) impression C) image D) illumination 61、good education is an ________ you can fall back on for the rest of your life.
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【正确答案】 A
A) asset B) ethic C) inventory D) obligation
62、Giving a gift can convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their ________ and the importance you place upon the relationship.
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【正确答案】 D
A) solidarity B) priority C) superiority D) hospitality
63、The designer has applied for a ________ for his new invention.
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【正确答案】 D
A) tariff B) discount C) version D) patent
64、The toy maker produces a ________ copy of the space station, exact in every detail.
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【正确答案】 C
A) minimal B) minimum C) miniature D) minor
65、An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget________.
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【正确答案】 D
A) disposition B) discrepancy C) defect D) deficit
66、They have decided to ________physical punishment in all local schools.
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【正确答案】 C
A) put away B) breakaway from C) do away with D) pass away
67、Astronauts are ________ all kinds of tests before they are actuaI1y sent up in a spacecraft.
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【正确答案】 B
A) inclined to B) subjected to C) prone to D) bound to
68、Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ________rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.
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【正确答案】 C
A) drawing on B) drawing in C) drawing up D) drawing down
69、Up until that time. his interest had focused almost ________on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.
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【正确答案】 D
A) restrictively B) radically C) inclusively D) exclusively
70、All the ceremonies at the 2000 Olympic Games had a unique Australian flavor, ________of their multicultural communities.
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【正确答案】 B
A) noticeable B) indicative C) conspicuous D) implicit Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes) (共10小题；满分10分) Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Example: Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. / as a school subject are valid for ^ study of television 3. the
A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new 71. ________ one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity which 72. ________ are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge 73. ________ of seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions written by 74. ______ eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, are very 75. ________ dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today - the poor can still 76. ________ be numbered in millions.
The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a promised 77. ________ land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty and brings 78. ________ it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the country as a 79. ________ Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, sends them 80. ________ flooding out again to the suburbs.
71、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 found new → found a new
72、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 filling → filled
73、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 though → /
74、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 This → What
75、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 was → were
76、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 dissimilar → similar
77、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 lies → lie
78、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 that → which
79、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 it → them
80、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】 late → later
Part V Writing (30 minutes) (共15分) Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: Hours/week图略 1．上图所示为 1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化； 2．请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）： 3．你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
